{"id":5870,"date":"2025-11-17T17:16:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T14:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/?p=5870"},"modified":"2026-09-25T17:24:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T14:24:54","slug":"islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji-ders-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/2025\/11\/17\/islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji-ders-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji | Ders 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130DE\u2019de bu hafta, Prof. Dr. Mehmet G\u00f6rmez\u2019in Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji dersi kapsam\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7oklu Ak\u0131l, \u00c7ok Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k ve Us\u00fbl\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 dersi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu derste akletme bi\u00e7imleri, din\u00ee metinleri anlaman\u0131n be\u015f seviyesi ve dinin insanl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ara\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dersin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda, \u0130slam medeniyetinin akletme bi\u00e7imlerine de\u011finen hocam\u0131z, C\u00e2bir\u00ee\u2019nin tasnifine at\u0131fta bulunarak \u015fu hususlar\u0131 ifade etti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2bir\u00ee\u2019nin me\u015fhur Bey\u00e2n\u00ee, Burh\u00e2n\u00ee ve \u0130rf\u00e2n\u00ee ak\u0131l tasnifini ele alan hocam\u0131z, bu tasnifin indirgemecilik ve \u00fcstten bir bak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirtti. Bu de\u011ferlendirmesinin devam\u0131nda \u201cHi\u00e7bir ak\u0131l salt Bey\u00e2n\u00ee, Burh\u00e2n\u00ee veya \u0130rf\u00e2n\u00ee de\u011fildir\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.
Hocam\u0131z, C\u00e2bir\u00ee\u2019nin Bey\u00e2n\u00ee, Burh\u00e2n\u00ee ve \u0130rf\u00e2n\u00ee ak\u0131l tasnifindeki indirgemeci yakla\u015f\u0131mlara kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Bey\u00e2n\u00ee akl\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi dilin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na hapsederek nass\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 engelledi\u011fini belirtti. Burh\u00e2n\u00ee akl\u0131n ise sadece \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 ve \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd\u2019e has k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130slam medeniyetindeki di\u011fer akletme bi\u00e7imlerini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden eksik bir ifade oldu\u011funu dile getirdi. \u0130rf\u00e2n\u00ee akl\u0131n yaln\u0131zca mistik ve tasavvufi yorumlara indirgenmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ak\u0131l \u00fczerine \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyetindeki ilk eseri H\u00e2ris el-Muh\u00e2sib\u00ee\u2019nin verdi\u011fini vurgulayarak bu tasnifin eksikli\u011fini ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hocam\u0131z, C\u00e2bir\u00ee\u2019nin tasnifine de\u011findikten sonra, Taha Abdurrahman\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir tasnife de\u011findi: akl-\u0131 m\u00fccerret, akl-\u0131 m\u00fcseddet ve akl-\u0131 m\u00fceyyet. Hocam\u0131z, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n akl\u0131n kendisiyle de\u011fil, akl\u0131n \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanla ilgili bir tasnif oldu\u011funu belirterek bu kavramlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131: akl-\u0131 m\u00fccerret, soyut ak\u0131ld\u0131r, sadece maddi \u00e2lemi anlar, gayb ve melek\u00fbt \u00e2lemini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Akl-\u0131 m\u00fcseddet, maddenin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en, a\u015fk\u0131n-metafizik \u00e2lemi de anlayan ve yorumlayan ak\u0131ld\u0131r. Akl-\u0131 m\u00fceyyet ise sahibini de\u011ferlerle donatan, sahibine de\u011fer \u00fcrettiren, ahlakla ve salih amelle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f ak\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dersin ikinci ana konusu din\u00ee metinleri anlaman\u0131n be\u015f a\u015famas\u0131 \u00fczerinde duran hocam\u0131z bu be\u015f a\u015famay\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde izah etti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Nakil-Terc\u00fcme, Rivayet-Taklit A\u015famas\u0131: Bu, ilim de\u011fildir. Bu a\u015famada fikir de yoktur. Bu, sadece bilgi ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman insan ne ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmez. Sadece nakille, rivayetle iktifa eder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Tefsir-Te\u2019vil, Dirayet-Tahkik A\u015famas\u0131: Bu seviyede insan nakletti\u011fi bilgilerin ne oldu\u011funu bilir; anlar, tefsir-te\u2019vil eder ancak gerek\u00e7elendiremez. \u201cNe?\u201d sorusuna cevap verir ancak \u201cNi\u00e7in?\u201d sorusuna cevap veremez. H\u00fckm\u00fc s\u00f6yler, hikmeti bilemez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Ta\u2019l\u00eel-Hikmet, Mak\u00e2s\u0131d-Maslahat A\u015famas\u0131: Bu seviyede insan her h\u00fckm\u00fcn hikmetini bilir, illeti tespit eder, mak\u00e2s\u0131d\u0131 anlar. B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve k\u00fclli bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olur. Risaleti rivayete, hikmeti h\u00fckme feda etmez. \u201cNi\u00e7in\u201d sorusuna cevap verir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Tenzil-Uygulama ve Ya\u015fama\/Hayata Ge\u00e7irme A\u015famas\u0131: \u201cNas\u0131l?\u201d sorusuna cevap verir. Her h\u00fckm\u00fcn sadece kanun ve\u00e7hesini de\u011fil, de\u011fer ve ahlak ve\u00e7hesini de tespit eder. Us\u00fbl ve metodoloji bilgisine sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0130\u00e7tihat A\u015famas\u0131: Nass olmayan konularda ilk d\u00f6rt a\u015famay\u0131 dikkate alarak i\u00e7tihat eder. Bilgi, fikir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00fcretir; ilke, kural, kaide ortaya koyar. \u0130lk d\u00f6rd\u00fcn sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn meziyetleri \u015fahs\u0131nda cemeder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Dersin son ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ana konusunda ise, dinin insanl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ve tamam\u0131 be\u015fer\u00ee olan \u00fc\u00e7 ara\u00e7 \u00fczerine duruldu. Hocam\u0131z bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Dil: Allah vahyi insanlara bildirmek i\u00e7in insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dilini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir dil ile be\u015fere hitap etmeyi murad etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa da raz\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dilin yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Dil tek anlaml\u0131 de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn kelimeler hakikat de\u011fil, mecaz da vard\u0131r. \u00d6yle ise dinin tabiat\u0131nda \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda hocam\u0131z dikkat \u00e7eken \u015fu ifadeyi kulland\u0131: \u201cus\u00fbl-\u0131 f\u0131kh\u0131n varl\u0131k sebebi tek\u00e7i anlam\u0131 tespit de\u011fil, \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetlemektir.\u201d \u00c7ok anlaml\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z r\u00f6lativizm\/g\u00f6recelilik sunmaz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Peygamber: Be\u015ferden ve insanlardan bir el\u00e7i se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu el\u00e7i Allah\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7kin bir kuludur. Bir kul ve be\u015ferdir. Bu ba\u011flamda hocam\u0131z \u015fu ayeti zikretti. \u201cDe ki: Ben, ancak sizin gibi bir be\u015ferim.\u201d (Fussilet 41\/6).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Ba\u011flam: Evrensel olan bir mesaj\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011flar \u00fcst\u00fc nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan bir risaletin, belli bir zamana, belli bir mek\u00e2na ve bir ba\u011flama hitap etmesidir. Tarihi, co\u011frafyay\u0131, zaman\u0131, mek\u00e2n\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koymak ve onu belirleyen bir unsura d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ayr\u0131 bir \u015feydir. Onu anlamak i\u00e7in be\u015fer\u00ee unsurlara ba\u015fvurmak ayr\u0131 bir \u015feydir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      X’de payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0130DE\u2019de bu hafta, Prof. Dr. Mehmet G\u00f6rmez\u2019in Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji dersi kapsam\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7oklu Ak\u0131l, \u00c7ok Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k ve Us\u00fbl\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 dersi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu derste akletme bi\u00e7imleri, din\u00ee metinleri anlaman\u0131n be\u015f seviyesi ve dinin insanl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ara\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Dersin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda, \u0130slam medeniyetinin akletme bi\u00e7imlerine de\u011finen hocam\u0131z, C\u00e2bir\u00ee\u2019nin tasnifine … <\/p>\n

      “\u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Us\u00fbl ve Metodoloji | Ders 4”<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ders-ozetleri","category-islam-dusuncesinde-usul-ve-metodoloji"],"gutslider_comments":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5871,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions\/5871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ide.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}