Bu haftaki dersimizde Hadi Adanal\u0131 Hocam\u0131z, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de \u201ctefekk\u00fcr\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imlerini, i\u015faret etti\u011fi anlam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu kavram\u0131n epistemik, ahlaki ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ili\u015fkilerini ele ald\u0131. Dersin temel amac\u0131, tefekk\u00fcr kelimesinin Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019deki kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ayetler \u00fczerinden inceleyerek, tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn Kur\u2019an\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemindeki konumunu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dersin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda Hocam\u0131z, fikir ve tefekk\u00fcr ba\u011flam\u0131nda kelimelere, tan\u0131mlara ve dile yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fc\u00e7 temel kayna\u011fa temas etti. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin M\u00fcfred\u00e2t\u2019\u0131, C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Ta\u2019r\u00eef\u00e2t\u2019\u0131 ve Teh\u00e2nev\u00ee\u2019nin Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f\u2019\u0131 \u00fczerinden tefekk\u00fcr kavram\u0131n\u0131n klasik literat\u00fcrde nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirdi. Hocam\u0131z, klasik eserlerde tefekk\u00fcrle ili\u015fkili olarak s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan \u201chareket\u201d, \u201ccevel\u00e2n\u201d ve \u201ccerey\u00e2n\u201d gibi kavramlar\u0131n, tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn dura\u011fan de\u011fil; de\u011fi\u015fken, ak\u0131\u015fkan ve dinamik bir zihinsel etkinlik olarak tasavvur edildi\u011fine i\u015faret etti\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hocam\u0131z, klasik \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca insana \u00f6zg\u00fc bir faaliyet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, hayvanlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ten d\u0131\u015flayan Aristocu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine sirayet etmesiyle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu ifade etti. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin Ta\u2019r\u00eef\u00e2t\u2019\u0131nda tefekk\u00fcr ile kalp aras\u0131nda bilme arzusu\/talebi temelinde bir irtibat kurulmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011findi. Teh\u00e2nev\u00ee\u2019nin Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f\u2019\u0131nda ise tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn her zaman bilin\u00e7li ve irad\u00ee bir y\u00f6nlendirmeye dayanmak zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131n tahayy\u00fcl, hisler (mahs\u00fbs\u00e2t) ve sezginin, tefekk\u00fcrden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak m\u00fcstakil bili\u015fsel alanlar olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dersin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda Hocam\u0131z, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019deki tefekk\u00fcr ayetlerine odakland\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda \u201cfekkere\u201d ve \u201ctefekkere\u201d fiilleri aras\u0131ndaki fark \u00fczerinde durarak, \u201ctefekkere\u201d fiilinin tefa\u2019ul bab\u0131ndaki yap\u0131s\u0131yla, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6zneye d\u00f6n\u00fck, s\u00fcreklilik ve yo\u011funluk arz eden bir faaliyet olarak kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. B\u00f6ylece tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme eyleminin bizzat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen \u00f6zne \u00fczerinde etkide bulunmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hocam\u0131z, Bakara Suresi 219. ayet \u00fczerinden tefekk\u00fcr kelimesinin Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cayet\u201d kavram\u0131yla birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz yerde ge\u00e7en \u201cayet\u201d kelimesinin, hukuki ve ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla birlikte \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201cm\u00fcbeyyine\u201d kavram\u0131yla irtibatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Bu durumun, tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn daima bir delil ve g\u00f6stergeler \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme faaliyeti olarak sunuldu\u011funu ortaya koydu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bakara Suresi 266. ayette tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn analojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yoluyla i\u015fledi\u011fini belirten Hocam\u0131z, \u00c2li \u0130mran Suresi 191. ayetin ise hem Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratmas\u0131 hem de yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar \u00fczerinde tefekk\u00fcre davet etti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Bu ayet ba\u011flam\u0131nda tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn neticesinin, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n anlams\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmak ve varl\u0131\u011fa n\u00fcfuz eden hikmeti ke\u015ffetmek oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En\u2019\u00e2m Suresi 50. ayet \u00fczerinden duyusal veriler ile tefekk\u00fcr aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011fa dikkat \u00e7eken Hocam\u0131z, A\u2019r\u00e2f Suresi 176. ayette ise insan\u0131n temsil ve betimleme yoluyla tefekk\u00fcre davet edildi\u011fini ifade etti. \u0130nk\u00e2r edenlerin durumunun k\u00f6pek metaforu \u00fczerinden tasvir edilmesinin, betimleme ve temsil yoluyla zihni harekete ge\u00e7iren bir tefekk\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 sundu\u011funu belirtti. A\u2019r\u00e2f Suresi 184. ayette ise insan\u0131n sorular \u00fczerinden tefekk\u00fcre te\u015fvik edildi\u011fini ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen insandan do\u011fru ile yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde belirli reflekslerin beklendi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hocam\u0131z, Kur\u2019an\u00ee ba\u011flamda inanc\u0131n epistemolojisinin bilgisiz bir inanc\u0131 d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve inanc\u0131n mutlaka bir bilgi zeminine oturmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etti. Bu ba\u011flamda tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn, bu zeminin aranmas\u0131 ve in\u015fa edilmesi s\u00fcreci oldu\u011funu belirterek, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in insandan g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde epistemik bir erdem olan bilme cesaretini g\u00f6stermesini bekledi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yunus Suresi 24. ayet \u00fczerinden g\u00fcncel sosyal bilim tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015flenen \u201c\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u201d (collapse) kavram\u0131na da temas eden Hocam\u0131z, toplumsal ve do\u011fal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde ani ve beklenmedik k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. Varl\u0131kta istikrar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez ve sabit bir durum olarak g\u00f6rmenin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, bu ayetin insan\u0131 bu t\u00fcr yan\u0131lsamalara kar\u015f\u0131 tefekk\u00fcre davet etti\u011fini ifade etti. Bu ba\u011flamda tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca \u201cbak\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcp ders alma\u201dya indirgenemeyece\u011fini; antropoloji, tarih ve bilim felsefesi gibi alanlara da n\u00fcfuz eden derinlikli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imi olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ra\u2019d Suresi 3. ayette ge\u00e7en \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen kavim\u201d ifadesinin, tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn toplumsal ve \u00e7o\u011ful boyutuna yeniden dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fini belirten Hocam\u0131z, M\u00fcddessir Suresi 18-25. ayetler \u00fczerinden ise \u201cepistemik kibir\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131. Bu ayetlerde ge\u00e7en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7iminin, s\u0131\u011f, teatral ve yaln\u0131zca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor gibi yapmaya indirgenen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi temsil etti\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunun Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de zihinsel bir nak\u0131sa olarak ele\u015ftirildi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dersin sonunda Hocam\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin \u201cayet\u201d kelimesiyle irtibatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, tefekk\u00fcr\u00fcn toplumsal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn vurgulanmas\u0131 ve ayetlerin felsefi a\u00e7\u0131dan daha derinlikli bi\u00e7imde incelenmesine duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme etkinli\u011finin bizatihi kendisinin olumlu oldu\u011funu, bu sebeple de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f hedeflere indirgenmesinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi zay\u0131flatabilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Aksine, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde dikkatle durman\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi derinle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve zeminini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Hocam\u0131z, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki hafta Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyle ili\u015fkili di\u011fer kavramlara (itibar, tedebb\u00fcr vb.) y\u00f6nelece\u011fini ifade ederek dersi tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n