\u0130DE\u2019de bu hafta Prof. Dr. \u015eaban Ali D\u00fczg\u00fcn, \u2018\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Teoloji Teorileri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 dersinde, \u00f6nce ge\u00e7en derste yar\u0131m kalan Schleiermacher\u2019in \u201cOn Religion\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n incelemesini tamamlad\u0131. Dersin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Schleiermacher\u2019in dinin \u2018insan alan\u0131na (human sphere)\u2019 ait oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tezinden hareketle, dinin varl\u0131k sebebinin normatif yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar de\u011fil, daha \u00fcst bir \u2018gayiyet\u2019 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Dersin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise dinin geleneksel ve modern kavran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine ele\u015ftirel bir perspektif sundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Schleiermacher Okumas\u0131 ve Neolojizme Ele\u015ftiri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. D\u00fczg\u00fcn, dersine Friedrich Schleiermacher\u2019in \u201cDin \u00dczerine: K\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve Dini Hor G\u00f6renlere Kar\u015f\u0131 Konu\u015fmalar\u201d eserinin analizinden ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Ayd\u0131nlanma sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 rasyonalist Neolojist ak\u0131m\u0131n dine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerin, dini bir religion\/religare yani d\u00fczenleyici kurum ve normatif otorite olarak g\u00f6rmesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Schleiermacher\u2019in bu bask\u0131c\u0131 din tasavvuruna kar\u015f\u0131, dinin daha canl\u0131 ve varolu\u015fsal bir kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hocam\u0131z, bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi \u00c2dem k\u0131ssas\u0131 \u00fczerinden metaforik bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7t\u0131: \u201cYasak a\u011fa\u00e7\u201d\u0131n ilah\u00ee iradenin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir buyru\u011fu de\u011fil, ki\u015fiyi dallan\u0131p budaklanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fcnahtan koruyan bir hikmet ve g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece dinin emir ve yasaklar\u0131, insan\u0131n iradesini daraltan bir bask\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131 de\u011fil; hayat\u0131, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, evrendeki k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe meyletme ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan bir ilke olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dinin Varl\u0131k Sebebi: Hukuk De\u011fil, Adalet ve Tecr\u00fcbe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eaban hocam\u0131za g\u00f6re, dinin temel varl\u0131k sebebi hukuki normlar\u0131 koymak ve insanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak de\u011fildir. T\u0131pk\u0131 hukukun amac\u0131n\u0131n adaletin tecellisi olmas\u0131 gibi, dinin de daha \u00fcst bir gayeye hizmet etti\u011fini savundu. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, inan\u00e7l\u0131 olman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi manevi kazan\u0131ma odaklanarak, Schleiermacher\u2019e at\u0131fla inanc\u0131n, ahlaki iyile\u015fme veya bilgi donan\u0131m\u0131 edinmenin \u00f6tesinde, inanan ki\u015finin tecr\u00fcbe etti\u011fi benzersiz bir duygu d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor. Prof. D\u00fczg\u00fcn, bu durumu \u201cDini Tecr\u00fcbenin Teolojik Yorumu\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na da de\u011finerek, Allah’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tecr\u00fcbe kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Toplumlar\u0131n Kavram Seti ve Vahyin Vaatleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. D\u00fczg\u00fcn, hem modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu hali k\u00f6t\u00fcmser bir tablo olarak de\u011ferlendirdi; elimizdeki kavramlar\u0131n art\u0131k hayat\u0131n ritmik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na yeti\u015fmekte zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu t\u0131kanma anlar\u0131nda vahyin tarih boyunca yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in bir \u201cvaatler seti\u201d sundu\u011funu, bu vaatlerin evrensel ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re vahyin amac\u0131 trajediyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek de\u011fil, insan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu e\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel vaadini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131: \u0130nsana, Topluma ve Allah’a Y\u00f6nelik Be\u015f Hamle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eaban hocam\u0131z dersini hayat\u0131n trajik unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak bir \u0131slah hamlesine d\u00f6n\u00fck, be\u015f temel eylem kategorisiyle sonland\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gelece\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften hay\u0131rl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 (Duha 4), d\u0131\u015f komplolar\u0131n de\u011fil, ki\u015finin kendi \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici oldu\u011fu (Maide 105) ve hem ge\u00e7mi\u015f hem gelecek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli s\u00fcnnetullah niteli\u011finde yasalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu (Ra\u2019d 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n